Best Preparations of CTFL4 Exam 2026 ISTQB Certified Tester Unlimited 190 Questions [Q57-Q80]

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Static Testing: The topic covers static testing basics, the feedback and review process.
Topic 2	Test Tools: The topic discusses classification of tools. It also focuses on the risks and benefits of test automation.
Topic 3	Managing the Test Activities: This topic explains how to plan tests in general, monitor and control test activities, and report defects in a clear and understandable way.

NO.57 Which one of the following is a typical entry criteria for testing?

Planned tests have been executed.

Availability of testable requirements.

The number of unresolved defects is within an agreed limit.

The number of estimated remaining defects is sufficiently low.

NO.58 Which of the following statements is true?

Functional testing focuses on what the system should do while non-functional testing on the internal structure of the system

Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics

Testers who perform functional tests are generally expected to have more technical skills than testers who perform non-functional tests

The test techniques that can be used to design white-box tests are described in the ISO/IEC 25010 standard

NO.59 Which ONE of the following statements about maintenance testing is CORRECT?

Maintenance testing is performed exclusively for adaptive maintenance.

Maintenance testing is only required when defects are reported in production.

Maintenance testing should be performed when enhancements, fixes, or updates are applied to an existing system.

Maintenance testing does not require test cases since it focuses solely on defect verification.

NO.60 An alphanumeric password must be between 4 and 7 characters long and must contain at least one numeric character, one capital (uppercase) letter and one lowercase letter of the alphabet.
Which one of the following sets of test cases represents the correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length? (Note: test cases are separated by a semicolon)

1xA;aB11;Pq1ZZab;7iDD0a1x

aB11;99rSp:5NnN10;7iDD0a1x

1xB: aB11: 99rSp: 5NnN10; 4NnN10T; 44ghWn19

1RhT;rSp53;3N3e10;8sBdby

NO.61 Which ONE of the following options BEST describes a key characteristic of non-functional testing?

Performing non-functional testing starting at the system test level.

Conducting non-functional testing exclusively at the acceptance test level.

Limiting non-functional testing to security testing and performance testing only.

Ensuring non-functional testing focuses only on user experience and usability.

NO.62 Test automation allows you to:

demonstrate the absence of defects

produce tests that are less subject to human errors

avoid performing exploratory testing

increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects

NO.63 A system has a self-diagnostics module that starts executing after the system is reset. The diagnostics are running 12 different tests on the systems memory hardware. The following is one of the requirements set for the diagnostics module:
‘The time taking the diagnostics tests to execute shall be less than 2 seconds’ Which of the following is a failure related to the specified requirement?

The diagnostic tests fail to start after a system reset

The diagnostic tests take too much time to execute

The diagnostic tests that measure the speed of the memory, fail

The diagnostic tests fail due to incorrect implementation of the test code

NO.64 Which one of the following statements correctly describes the term ‘debugging’?

There is no difference between debugging and testing.

Debugging is a confirmation activity that checks whether fixes resolved defects.

Debugging is the development activity that finds, analyses and fixes defects.

Debugging is of no relevance in Agile development.

NO.65 Exploratory testing is an experience-based test technique

Where a developer and a tester work together on the same workstation while the developer actively writes code, the tester explores the code to find defects.

That can be organised into sessions guided by test charters outlining test objectives that will guide the testers’ exploration

Where a team of testers explores all possible test techniques in order to determine the most suitable combination of these techniques to apply for a test project.

That aims at finding defects by designing tests that exercise all possible combinations of input values and preconditions

NO.66 Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the involvement of testers in the software development lifecycle (SDLC)?

Testers should contribute to all activities in the SDLC and participate in design discussions.

Testers should be involved from the beginning of the SDLC to increase understanding of design decisions and detect defects early.

Testers should only be involved during the testing phase.

Testers’ involvement is essential; developers find it difficult to be objective.

NO.67 Match each objective to the correct test level
Objective:
A) Verifying whether the functional and non-functlonal behaviors of the system are as designed and specified.
B) Verifying whether the functional and non-functlonal behaviors of the interfaces are as designed.
C) Verifying whether the functional and non-functional behaviors of the components are as designed and specified.
D) Establishing confidence in the quality of the system as a whole.
Test Level:
1. Component testing.
2. Integration testing.
3. System testing.
4. Acceptance testing.

A3, B2. C4. D1

A2, B3, Cl, D4

A3. B2. C1. D4

NO.68 Which ONE of the following options identifies the perspectives through which acollective authorship processgenerates a shared vision of user stories?

Product owner, development, and testing

Business, architecture, and testing

Business, development, and testing

Business, development, and acceptance testing

NO.69 Which sequence of stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting the life-cycle of a defect?

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3

S0->S1->S2~>S3->S4

S0->S1 ->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4

NO.70 A test manager decided to skip static testing since he believes bugs can be found easily by doing dynamic testing. Was this decision right or wrong?

The decision was wrong. Ensuring quality mandates that static testing is performed after performing the dynamic testing.

The decision was right. Static testing is usually redundant if a product is planned to go through a full- cycle of dynamic testing.

The decision was right. Most of the bugs are easier to identify during the dynamic testing.

The decision was wrong. Static testing can find defects early in the development process, reducing the overall cost of testing and development

NO.71 Which of the following is not an example of a typical generic skill required for testing?

Be able to apply test-driven development

Be able to use test management tools and defect tracking tools

Be able to communicate defects and failures to developers as objectively as possible

Possess the necessary social skills that support effective teamwork

Test-driven development is not an example of a typical generic skill required for testing, but rather an example of a specific technical skill or a development practice that may or may not be relevant for testing, depending on the context and the objectives of the testing activities. Test-driven development is an approach to software development and testing, in which the developers write automated unit tests before writing the source code, and then refactor the code until the tests pass. Test-driven development can help to improve the quality, the design, and the maintainability of the code, as well as to provide fast feedback and guidance for the developers. However, test-driven development is not a skill that is generally expected or needed for testers, especially for testers who are not involved in unit testing or who do not have access to the source code. The other options are examples of typical generic skills required for testing, which are skills that are applicable and beneficial for testing in any context or situation, regardless of the specific testing techniques, tools, or methods used. The typical generic skills required for testing include:
Be able to use test management tools and defect tracking tools: These are tools that help testers to plan, organize, monitor, and control the testing activities and resources, as well as to record, track, analyze, and resolve the defects detected during testing. These tools can improve the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the communication of the testing process, as well as to provide traceability, metrics, and reports for the testing outcomes.
Be able to communicate defects and failures to developers as objectively as possible: This is a skill that involves the ability to report and describe the defects and failures found during testing in a clear, concise, accurate, and unbiased manner, using relevant information, evidence, and terminology, without making assumptions, judgments, or accusations. This skill can facilitate the collaboration, the understanding, and the resolution of the defects and failures between the testers and the developers, as well as to prevent conflicts, misunderstandings, or blame games.
Possess the necessary social skills that support effective teamwork: These are skills that involve the ability to interact, cooperate, and coordinate with other people involved in or affected by the testing activities, such as the test manager, the test team, the project manager, the developers, the customers, the users, etc. These skills can include communication, negotiation, leadership, motivation, feedback, conflict resolution, etc. These skills can enhance the quality, the productivity, and the satisfaction of the testing process, as well as to foster a positive and constructive testing culture. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.1, Testing and the Software Development Lifecycle ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test-driven Development, Test Management Tool, Defect Tracking Tool, Defect Report, Failure, Social Skill2

NO.72 In Agile teams, testers closely collaborate with all other team members. This close collaboration could be problematic and result in testing-related organizational risks.
Which TWO of the following organization risks could be encountered?
I.Testers lose motivation and fail at their core tasks.
ii.Close interaction with developers causes a loss of the appropriate tester mindset.
iii.Testers are not able to keep pace with incoming changes in time-constrained iterations.
iv.Testers, once they have acquired technical development or business skills, leave the testing team.

ii and iii

i and iii

i and ii

ii and iv

NO.73 Which of the following statements about static testing and dynamic testing is true?

Unlike dynamic testing, which can be also performed manually, static testing cannot be performed without specialized tools

Static testing is usually much less cost-effective than dynamic testing

Unlike dynamic testing, which focuses on detecting potential defects, static testing focuses on detecting failures which may be due to actual defects

Both static testing and dynamic testing can be used to highlight issues associated with non-functional characteristics

NO.74 Which ONE of the following activities TYPICALLY belongs to the planning phase of the review process?

A separate defect report is created for each identified defect so that corrective actions can be tracked.

Each reviewer conducts an individual review to identify anomalies, recommendations, and questions.

The purpose and scope of the review are defined, as well as the work product to be reviewed and the exit criteria.

The reviewers analyze and discuss the anomalies found during the review in a joint meeting.

NO.75 What is test oracle?

The source of lest objectives

The source for the actual results

The source of expected results

The source of input conditions

NO.76 Consider a review for a high-level architectural document written by a software architect. The architect does most of the review preparation work, including distributing the document to reviewers before the review meeting. However, reviewers are not required to analyze the document in advance, and during the review meeting the software architect explains the document step by step. The only goal of this review is to establish a common understanding of the software architecture that will be used in a software development project.
Which of the following review types does this review refer to?

Inspection

Audit

Walkthrough

Informal review

NO.77 Which of the following statements about error guessing is true?

Error guessing is a system that adopts artificial intelligence to predict whether software components are likely to contain defects or not

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing, rely on the use of a high-level list of what needs to be tested as a guide to find defects

Error guessing refers to the ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs

Experienced testers, when applying error guessing technique, can anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred and target their tests at those issues

NO.78 Which of the following statements about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products is not true?

Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests

Traceability can be useful for determining the most suitable test techniques to be used in a testing project

Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing

Traceability is the ability to trace the relationships between the items of the test basis, such as the requirements, the design, the risks, etc., and the test artifacts, such as the test cases, the test results, the defects, etc. Traceability can provide various benefits for the testing process, such as improving the test coverage, the test quality, the test efficiency, and the test communication. However, not all the statements given are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products. The statement that is not true is option C, which says that test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly. This statement is false, because test objectives are the goals or the purposes of testing, which can vary depending on the test level, the test type, the test technique, the test environment, the test stakeholder, etc. Test objectives can be defined in terms of the test basis, the test coverage, the test quality, the test risk, the test cost, the test time, etc. Test objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, and they should be aligned with the project objectives and the quality characteristics. Test objectives should not be the same for all test levels, as different test levels have different focuses, scopes, and perspectives of testing, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The other statements are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products, such as:
* Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to identify which tests are affected by a change in the test basis, such as a new requirement, a modified design, a revised risk, etc., and to determine the necessary actions to update, re-execute, or re-evaluate the tests. Traceability can also help to estimate the effort, the cost, and the time needed to implement the change and to verify its impact on the software system.
* Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the test basis is exercised by the test cases. Traceability can help to identify which test basis items are covered, partially covered, or not covered by the tests, and to evaluate the adequacy, the completeness, and the effectiveness of the testing process. Traceability can also help to identify the gaps, the overlaps, or the redundancies in the test coverage, and to prioritize, optimize, or improve the test cases.
* Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing: This statement is true, because traceability can help to provide evidence, documentation, and justification for the testing activities, results, and outcomes. Traceability can help to demonstrate that the testing process follows the standards, the regulations, the policies, and the best practices that are applicable to the software system, the project, or the organization. Traceability can also help to verify that the testing process meets the expectations, the needs, and the satisfaction of the users and the stakeholders. References:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Traceability, Test Basis, Test Artifact, Test Objective, Test Level, Test Coverage, Test Quality, Test Risk, Test Cost, Test Time2

NO.79 Which of the following is a test task that usually occurs during test implementation?

Make sure the planned test environment is ready to be delivered

Find, analyze, and remove the causes of the failures highlighted by the tests

Archive the testware for use in future test projects

Gather the metrics that are used to guide the test project

A test task that usually occurs during test implementation is to make sure the planned test environment is ready to be delivered. The test environment is the hardware and software configuration on which the tests are executed, and it should be as close as possible to the production environment where the software system will operate. The test environment should be planned, prepared, and verified before the test execution, to ensure that the test conditions, the test data, the test tools, and the test interfaces are available and functional. The other options are not test tasks that usually occur during test implementation, but rather test tasks that occur during other test activities, such as:
* Find, analyze, and remove the causes of the failures highlighted by the tests: This is a test task that usually occurs during test analysis and design, which is the activity of analyzing the test basis, designing the test cases, and identifying the test data. During this activity, the testers can use techniques such as root cause analysis, defect prevention, or defect analysis, to find, analyze, and remove the causes of the failures highlighted by the previous tests, and to prevent or reduce the occurrence of similar failures in the future tests.
* Archive the testware for use in future test projects: This is a test task that usually occurs during test closure, which is the activity of finalizing and reporting the test results, evaluating the test process, and identifying the test improvement actions. During this activity, the testers can archive the testware, which are the test artifacts produced during the testing process, such as the test plan, the test cases, the test data, the test results, the defect reports, etc., for use in future test projects, such as regression testing, maintenance testing, or reuse testing.
* Gather the metrics that are used to guide the test project: This is a test task that usually occurs during test monitoring and control, which is the activity of tracking and reviewing the test progress, status, and quality, and taking corrective actions when necessary. During this activity, the testers can gather the metrics, which are the measurements of the testing process, such as the test coverage, the defect density, the test effort, the test duration, etc., that are used to guide the test project, such as planning, estimating, scheduling, reporting, or improving the testing process. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.4, Test Implementation1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.5, Test Execution1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.6, Test Closure1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Environment, Test Condition, Test Data, Test Tool, Test Interface, Failure, Root Cause Analysis, Defect Prevention, Defect Analysis, Testware, Regression Testing, Maintenance Testing, Reuse Testing, Test Coverage, Defect Density, Test Effort, Test Duration2

NO.80 Which of the following statements about the test pyramid is TRUE?

Each layer of the test pyramid groups tests related to a single non-functional quality charactenstic.

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more production code a single automated test within the layer tends to cover

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more maintainable a single automated test within the layer tends to be

The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more isolated a single automated test within the layer tends to be.

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Best Preparations of CTFL4 Exam 2026 ISTQB Certified Tester Unlimited 190 Questions [Q57-Q80]

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