Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice Test Questions Answers Updated 90 Questions [Q12-Q27]

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Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Practice Test Questions Answers Updated 90 Questions

Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations dumps & WGU Certification Sure Practice with 90 Questions

QUESTION 12
Consider the given function.

What is the total output when F (sign, horse) is called 2 times?

sign and horse sign and horse

sign and horse and sign and horse

The provided code defines a function named F that takes two strings si and l2 as input. However, there seems to be a typo in the variable names (si instead of sign and l2 instead of horse).
Inside the function:
* Put sl to output: This line likely has a typo as well. It’s intended to print the input strings, but there’s a missing space between si and l2. Assuming the correction, this line would concatenate si and l2 with a space and print it.
* Put 2 to output: This line would print the number 2.
* and : This line by itself wouldn’t print anything.
Calling the Function Twice:
If F(sign, horse) is called twice:
* First Call:
* It would likely print “sign horse” (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by “2”.
* Second Call:
* It would likely print “sign horse” (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by “2” again.
Total Output:
Therefore, the total output when F(sign, horse) is called twice would be:
sign horse 2
sign horse 2

QUESTION 13
Which line is a loop variable update statement in the sample code?

integer h = 0

h = h +1

(userInput !=pwd) and (h <= 10)

if userInput == pwd

In programming, a loop variable update statement is used to modify the loop variable’s value with each iteration of the loop. This is crucial for the progression and eventual termination of the loop. The statement h = h + 1 is a classic example of a loop variable update statement. It increments the value of h by 1, ensuring that the loop can move towards its completion condition. Without such an update, the loop could potentially continue indefinitely, leading to an infinite loop.
References: The answer is based on standard programming conventions where loop variables are updated within the body of the loop to avoid infinite iterations. This practice is consistent across various programming languages and is a fundamental concept taught in programming and computer science courses.

QUESTION 14
What is a string?

A built-in method

A very precise sequence of steps

A sequence of characters

A name that refers to a value

In the context of programming, a string is traditionally understood as a sequence of characters. It can include letters, digits, symbols, and spaces, and is typically enclosed in quotation marks within the source code. For instance, “Hello, World!” is a string. Strings are used to store and manipulate text-based information, such as user input, messages, and textual data within a program. They are one of the fundamental data types in programming and are essential for building software that interacts with users or handles textual content.
References:
* Coderslang: Become a Software Engineer1
* Wikipedia2
* Programming Fundamentals3
* TechTerms4

QUESTION 15
Which phase of an agile application would create a function that calculates shipping costs based on an item’s weight and delivery zip code?

Implementation

Analysis

Design

Testing

In the Agile software development life cycle, the Implementation phase is where the actual coding and development of the project take place. This is the stage where a function to calculate shipping costs based on an item’s weight and delivery zip code would be created. The Implementation phase involves translating the design and analysis work into functional software components. It’s during this phase that developers write code and build features that will eventually be tested and refined in subsequent phases.
References:
* Agile methodologies emphasize incremental development and delivery, where the Implementation phase is key for developing new functions1.
* The Agile Software Development Life Cycle outlines the Implementation phase as the stage where the actual product development happens2.
* Wrike’s Agile Guide also describes the Implementation (or Iteration) phase as the time when the team builds the software3.

QUESTION 16
A program allows the user to play a game. At the end of each game, the program asks the user if they want to play again.
Which programming structure on its own is appropriate to accomplish this task?

Nested for loops

One for loop

One while loop

If-else statement

The most appropriate programming structure to repeatedly ask a user if they want to play a game again is a while loop. This is because a while loop can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In this case, the condition would be whether the user wants to play again or not. The while loop will continue to prompt the user after each game and will only exit if the user indicates they do not want to play again. This makes it an ideal choice for tasks that require repeated execution based on user input.
For loops are generally used when the number of iterations is known beforehand, which is not the case here as we cannot predict how many times a user will want to play the game. Nested for loops and if-else statements are not suitable for repeating tasks based on dynamic user input.
References:
* Loops in Programming – GeeksforGeeks1
* Use the right loop to repeat tasks – Learn programming with Java – OpenClassrooms2
* Using For and While Loops for User Input in Python – Stack Abuse3

QUESTION 17
Which phase of a waterfall approach defines specifies on how to build a program?

Analysis

Implementation

Design

Testing

In the Waterfall approach to software development, the phase that defines and specifies how to build a program is the Design phase. This phase follows the initial Analysis phase, where the requirements are gathered, and precedes the Implementation phase, where the actual coding takes place. During the Design phase, the software’s architecture, components, interfaces, and data are methodically planned out. This phase translates the requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software, ensuring that the final product will meet the specified needs.
References: The stages of the Waterfall methodology and their purposes are well-documented in project management and software engineering literature. Atlassian provides a comprehensive guide on the Waterfall methodology, detailing each phase and its significance1. Built In also offers insights into the Waterfall methodology, including the systematic structure it provides for planning, organization, design, and testing2.
These sources affirm the role of the Design phase in the Waterfall approach as the stage where the program’s construction is defined.

QUESTION 18
Which kind of languages are C, C++ and Java?

Markup

Compiled

Interpreted

Machine code

C, C++, and Java are all considered compiled languages. This means that the code written in these languages is not executed directly by the hardware but must first be translated into machine code by a compiler.
* C is a general-purpose programming language that is compiled to generate machine code which can be executed directly by the computer’s CPU1.
* C++ is an extension of C that includes object-oriented features. It is also a compiled language, where the source code is converted into machine code that can be executed by the CPU2.
* Java is a bit unique because it is compiled into bytecode, which is then run on a virtual machine (JVM) rather than directly by the CPU. However, it is still considered a compiled language because the source code is compiled before it is executed2.
References:
* Understanding of the compilation process for C, C++, and Java.
* Official documentation and language specifications for C, C++, and Java.
* Articles and resources on programming language paradigms and compiler design.

QUESTION 19
A sequence diagram is shown:

What is the purpose of a sequence diagram?

It depicts program operations, branches, and loops.

It outlines the needed computations.

It illustrates the communication steps for a particular software scenario.

It outlines the potential actions of a user

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram that details how operations are carried out within a system. It is used to model the interactions between objects or components in a sequence that reflects the order of operations, particularly focusing on the messages exchanged between these objects over time. The vertical axis of a sequence diagram represents time, and the horizontal axis represents the objects involved in the interaction. The purpose of a sequence diagram is to illustrate the sequence of messages or events that occur between these objects, typically in the context of a specific use case or scenario within the software system1234.
References:
* The information provided is based on standard practices in software engineering and UML (Unified Modeling Language) documentation. For further reading on sequence diagrams and their applications, you can refer to resources such as Visual Paradigm1, Creately2, IBM Developer3, and Lucidchart4.

QUESTION 20
Which statement describes a compiled language?

It is considered fairly safe because it forces the programmer lo declare all variable types ahead of time and commit to those types during runtime.

It allows variables to change from the initial declared types during program execution.

It specifies a series of well-structured steps to compose a program.

It has code that is first converted to machine code, which can then only run on a particular type of machine.

A compiled language is one where the source code is translated into machine code by a compiler. This machine code is specific to the type of machine it is compiled for, meaning the same compiled code cannot be run on different types of machines without being recompiled. This process differs from interpreted languages, where the source code is not directly converted into machine code but is instead read and executed by an interpreter, which allows for cross-platform compatibility. Compiled languages are known for their performance efficiency because the machine code is executed directly by the computer’s hardware.
References: The characteristics of compiled languages are well-documented in computer science literature and online resources. For instance, GeeksforGeeks provides a clear distinction between compiled and interpreted languages, explaining that compiled languages are translated into machine instructions of the target machine1. Similarly, Stack Overflow discussions elaborate on the implementation differences between compiled and interpreted languages2. Wikipedia also defines a compiled language as one whose implementations are typically compilers3.

QUESTION 21
It is given that integer x=41 and integer y = 16. What is the value of the expression (x % 8) – y?

-15

-11

-8

The expression ((x % 8) – y) involves the modulo operation and subtraction. The modulo operation finds the remainder when ( x ) is divided by ( 8 ). Given ( x = 41 ), we calculate ( 41 % 8 ) which equals ( 1 ) because (
41 ) divided by ( 8 ) equals ( 5 ) with a remainder of ( 1 ). Then, we subtract ( y ) (which is ( 16 )) from this remainder:
(41%8)16=116=15
However, there seems to be a discrepancy here as the calculation shows the answer should be (-15), but this is not an option provided in your question. Please double-check the options or the expression provided.
References:
* The concept of modulo operation is explained in various programming resources such as Python documentation and C++ reference guides.
* Basic arithmetic operations and their precedence are covered in introductory programming textbooks and online coding platforms like Codecademy and freeCodeCamp.

QUESTION 22
Which three statements describe a characteristic of a programming library?

A library typically must be included before any function in the library is used

A single library normally includes more than one function.

Using libraries will always make a program run less efficiently.

Libraries improve a programmer’s productivity.

A single program can only include one library.

One library will contain one function but can have several variables.

A programming library is a collection of pre-written code that developers can use to optimize tasks and improve productivity. Here’s why the selected statements are correct:
* A: Libraries must be included or imported into your program before you can use the functions or objects they contain. This is because the program needs to know where to find the code it’s executing12.
* B: A library typically includes multiple functions, objects, or classes that are related to a specific task or area of functionality. This allows developers to reuse code efficiently12.
* D: By providing pre-written code, libraries save developers time and effort, which in turn improves their productivity. Instead of writing code from scratch, developers can focus on the unique aspects of their project12.
The other options are incorrect because:
* C: While it’s true that poorly designed libraries can affect performance, well-designed libraries can actually make programs more efficient by providing optimized code.
* E: A single program can include multiple libraries as needed. There’s no limit to the number of libraries a program can use.
* F: Libraries often contain multiple functions and variables, not just one function.
References:
* CareerFoundry’s guide on what a programming library is1.
* Codingem’s complete guide on libraries in programming2.

QUESTION 23
Which snippet represents the loop condition expression in the given code?

Integer f = 1

Put f to output

F < 27

F = f + 2

The loop condition expression is the part of a loop that determines whether the loop will continue to execute or terminate. It is evaluated before each iteration of the loop, and if it evaluates to true, the loop body is executed; if it evaluates to false, the loop terminates. In the options provided, F < 27 is a Boolean expression that checks if f is less than 27, which is typical of a loop condition used to control the number of iterations of the loop.
References: The explanation is based on standard programming principles regarding loop structures, where the condition is a Boolean expression that controls the execution flow of the loop12. This concept is consistent across various programming languages and is a fundamental aspect of programming loops.

QUESTION 24
Which expression evaluates to 3.7 if float x = 17.0?

X + 2 / 10

(2 + x) / 10.0

X + 2.0 / 10

2 + x / 10

A: X + 2 / 10:
* First, calculate 2 / 10, which is 0.2.
* Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.
B: (2 + x) / 10.0:
* First, add 2 and x (17.0), which gives 19.0.
* Then divide 19.0 by 10.0, resulting in 3.7.
C: X + 2.0 / 10:
* First, calculate 2.0 / 10, which is 0.2.
* Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.
D: 2 + x / 10:
* First, divide x (17.0) by 10, which gives 1.7.
* Then add 2 to 1.7, resulting in 3.7.
Therefore, option B is the correct expression.
References:
* Mathway – Math Calculator
* Quizlet – Scripting and Programming Actual FINAL PREP- Foundations

QUESTION 25
A function should return 0 if a number, N is even and 1 if N is odd.
What should be the input to the function?

Even

In the context of writing a function that determines whether a given number N is even or odd, the input to the function should be the number itself, represented by the variable N. The function will then perform the necessary logic to determine whether N is even or odd and return the appropriate value (0 for even, 1 for odd).
Here’s how the function might look in Python:
Python
def check_even_odd(N):
“””
Determines whether a given number N is even or odd.
Args:
N (int): The input number.
Returns:
int: 0 if N is even, 1 if N is odd.
“””
if N % 2 == 0:
return 0 # N is even
else:
return 1 # N is odd
# Example usage:
number_to_check = 7
result = check_even_odd(number_to_check)
print(f”The result for {number_to_check} is: {result}”)
AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.
In this example, if number_to_check is 7, the function will return 1 because 7 is an odd number.
References:
* No specific external references are needed for this basic concept, as it is fundamental to programming and mathematics.

QUESTION 26
Which value would require an integer as a data type?

The number of students in a section

The cost of a dinner including tax and tip

The weights of every patient involved in a pharmaceutical

An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places

An integer data type is used to represent whole numbers without any fractional or decimal component. In the given options:
* A. The number of students in a section is a countable quantity that does not require a fractional part, making it suitable for an integer data type.
* B. The cost of a dinner including tax and tip would typically involve a decimal to account for cents, thus requiring a floating-point data type.
* C. The weights of patients are usually measured with precision and can have decimal values, necessitating a floating-point data type.
* D. An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places is a decimal value and would require a floating-point data type.
References:
* The use of integer data types for countable quantities is a fundamental concept in programming and can be found in introductory programming textbooks such as “Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design” by Tony Gaddis and online resources like the Mozilla Developer Network’s (MDN) Web Docs on JavaScript data types.
/**

QUESTION 27
What is an example of an algorithm?

The list contains apples bananas, and oranges

A webpage uses an HTML file type

The sign of two integers determines the sign of the product

Unplug the device, wait 30 seconds, and restart the device.

An algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem. It is a sequence of steps that are followed to achieve a particular outcome. In the context of the given options, the correct example of an algorithm is option D. This option outlines a series of steps to troubleshoot a device, which is a common algorithmic procedure known as “power cycling” or “resetting.” It involves turning off a device, waiting for a short period, and then turning it back on. This process can resolve temporary issues by clearing the device’s memory and resetting its state.
Option A is incorrect because it is simply a list of items, not a sequence of steps with a specific goal. Option B is also incorrect as it describes a file type used in web development, not a set of instructions. Option C is a statement about a mathematical property, not an algorithm.
References: The definition and examples of algorithms can be found in various educational resources and programming literature. For instance, Scribbr provides a clear explanation of what an algorithm is and how it functions in both daily life and computer science1. Additionally, GeeksforGeeks offers insights into the definition, types, complexity, and examples of algorithms2. These sources corroborate the explanation provided here and offer further reading on the subject.

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