2025 Provide Updated Databricks Databricks-Machine-Learning-Associate Dumps as Practice Test and PDF [Q39-Q59]

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2025 Provide Updated Databricks Databricks-Machine-Learning-Associate Dumps as Practice Test and PDF

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Databricks Databricks-Machine-Learning-Associate Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Databricks Machine Learning: It covers sub-topics of AutoML, Databricks Runtime, Feature Store, and MLflow.
Topic 2	Scaling ML Models: This topic covers Model Distribution and Ensembling Distribution.
Topic 3	Spark ML: It discusses the concepts of Distributed ML. Moreover, this topic covers Spark ML Modeling APIs, Hyperopt, Pandas API, Pandas UDFs, and Function APIs.
Topic 4	ML Workflows: The topic focuses on Exploratory Data Analysis, Feature Engineering, Training, Evaluation and Selection.

NO.39 Which of the following tools can be used to distribute large-scale feature engineering without the use of a UDF or pandas Function API for machine learning pipelines?

Keras

pandas

PvTorch

Spark ML

Scikit-learn

Spark ML (Machine Learning Library) is designed specifically for handling large-scale data processing and machine learning tasks directly within Apache Spark. It provides tools and APIs for large-scale feature engineering without the need to rely on user-defined functions (UDFs) or pandas Function API, allowing for more scalable and efficient data transformations directly distributed across a Spark cluster. Unlike Keras, pandas, PyTorch, and scikit-learn, Spark ML operates natively in a distributed environment suitable for big data scenarios.
Reference:
Spark MLlib documentation (Feature Engineering with Spark ML).

NO.40 A data scientist learned during their training to always use 5-fold cross-validation in their model development workflow. A colleague suggests that there are cases where a train-validation split could be preferred over k-fold cross-validation when k > 2.
Which of the following describes a potential benefit of using a train-validation split over k-fold cross-validation in this scenario?

A holdout set is not necessary when using a train-validation split

Fewer hyperparameter values need to be tested when using a train-validation split

Bias is avoidable when using a train-validation split

Reproducibility is achievable when using a train-validation split

Fewer models need to be trained when using a train-validation split

NO.41 A data scientist has been given an incomplete notebook from the data engineering team. The notebook uses a Spark DataFrame spark_df on which the data scientist needs to perform further feature engineering. Unfortunately, the data scientist has not yet learned the PySpark DataFrame API.
Which of the following blocks of code can the data scientist run to be able to use the pandas API on Spark?

import pyspark.pandas as ps
df = ps.DataFrame(spark_df)

import pyspark.pandas as ps
df = ps.to_pandas(spark_df)

spark_df.to_pandas()

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(spark_df)

To use the pandas API on Spark, the data scientist can run the following code block:
import pyspark.pandas as ps df = ps.DataFrame(spark_df)
This code imports the pandas API on Spark and converts the Spark DataFrame spark_df into a pandas-on-Spark DataFrame, allowing the data scientist to use familiar pandas functions for further feature engineering.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on pandas API on Spark: pandas API on Spark

NO.42 A data scientist is working with a feature set with the following schema:

The customer_id column is the primary key in the feature set. Each of the columns in the feature set has missing values. They want to replace the missing values by imputing a common value for each feature.
Which of the following lists all of the columns in the feature set that need to be imputed using the most common value of the column?

customer_id, loyalty_tier

loyalty_tier

units

spend

customer_id

For the feature set schema provided, the columns that need to be imputed using the most common value (mode) are typically the categorical columns. In this case, loyalty_tier is the only categorical column that should be imputed using the most common value. customer_id is a unique identifier and should not be imputed, while spend and units are numerical columns that should typically be imputed using the mean or median values, not the mode.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on missing value imputation: Handling Missing Data If you need any further clarification or additional questions answered, please let me know!

NO.43 A machine learning engineer is trying to scale a machine learning pipeline pipeline that contains multiple feature engineering stages and a modeling stage. As part of the cross-validation process, they are using the following code block:

A colleague suggests that the code block can be changed to speed up the tuning process by passing the model object to the estimator parameter and then placing the updated cv object as the final stage of the pipeline in place of the original model.
Which of the following is a negative consequence of the approach suggested by the colleague?

The model will take longer to train for each unique combination of hvperparameter values

The feature engineering stages will be computed using validation data

The cross-validation process will no longer be

The cross-validation process will no longer be reproducible

The model will be refit one more per cross-validation fold

If the model object is passed to the estimator parameter of CrossValidator and the cross-validation object itself is placed as a stage in the pipeline, the feature engineering stages within the pipeline would be applied separately to each training and validation fold during cross-validation. This leads to a significant issue: the feature engineering stages would be computed using validation data, thereby leaking information from the validation set into the training process. This would potentially invalidate the cross-validation results by giving an overly optimistic performance estimate.
Reference:
Cross-validation and Pipeline Integration in MLlib (Avoiding Data Leakage in Pipelines).

NO.44 A machine learning engineer has identified the best run from an MLflow Experiment. They have stored the run ID in the run_id variable and identified the logged model name as “model”. They now want to register that model in the MLflow Model Registry with the name “best_model”.
Which lines of code can they use to register the model associated with run_id to the MLflow Model Registry?

mlflow.register_model(run_id, “best_model”)

mlflow.register_model(f”runs:/{run_id}/model”, “best_model”)

millow.register_model(f”runs:/{run_id)/model”)

mlflow.register_model(f”runs:/{run_id}/best_model”, “model”)

To register a model that has been identified by a specific run_id in the MLflow Model Registry, the appropriate line of code is:
mlflow.register_model(f”runs:/{run_id}/model”, “best_model”)
This code correctly specifies the path to the model within the run (runs:/{run_id}/model) and registers it under the name “best_model” in the Model Registry. This allows the model to be tracked, managed, and transitioned through different stages (e.g., Staging, Production) within the MLflow ecosystem.
Reference
MLflow documentation on model registry: https://www.mlflow.org/docs/latest/model-registry.html#registering-a-model

NO.45 Which of the following describes the relationship between native Spark DataFrames and pandas API on Spark DataFrames?

pandas API on Spark DataFrames are single-node versions of Spark DataFrames with additional metadata

pandas API on Spark DataFrames are more performant than Spark DataFrames

pandas API on Spark DataFrames are made up of Spark DataFrames and additional metadata

pandas API on Spark DataFrames are less mutable versions of Spark DataFrames

The pandas API on Spark DataFrames are made up of Spark DataFrames with additional metadata. The pandas API on Spark aims to provide the pandas-like experience with the scalability and distributed nature of Spark. It allows users to work with pandas functions on large datasets by leveraging Spark’s underlying capabilities.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on pandas API on Spark: pandas API on Spark

NO.46 An organization is developing a feature repository and is electing to one-hot encode all categorical feature variables. A data scientist suggests that the categorical feature variables should not be one-hot encoded within the feature repository.
Which of the following explanations justifies this suggestion?

One-hot encoding is a potentially problematic categorical variable strategy for some machine learning algorithms.

One-hot encoding is dependent on the target variable’s values which differ for each apaplication.

One-hot encoding is computationally intensive and should only be performed on small samples of training sets for individual machine learning problems.

One-hot encoding is not a common strategy for representing categorical feature variables numerically.

The suggestion not to one-hot encode categorical feature variables within the feature repository is justified because one-hot encoding can be problematic for some machine learning algorithms. Specifically, one-hot encoding increases the dimensionality of the data, which can be computationally expensive and may lead to issues such as multicollinearity and overfitting. Additionally, some algorithms, such as tree-based methods, can handle categorical variables directly without requiring one-hot encoding.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on feature engineering: Feature Engineering

NO.47 A machine learning engineer would like to develop a linear regression model with Spark ML to predict the price of a hotel room. They are using the Spark DataFrame train_df to train the model.
The Spark DataFrame train_df has the following schema:

The machine learning engineer shares the following code block:

Which of the following changes does the machine learning engineer need to make to complete the task?

They need to call the transform method on train df

They need to convert the features column to be a vector

They do not need to make any changes

They need to utilize a Pipeline to fit the model

They need to split the features column out into one column for each feature

In Spark ML, the linear regression model expects the feature column to be a vector type. However, if the features column in the DataFrame train_df is not already in this format (such as being a column of type UDT or a non-vectorized type), the engineer needs to convert it to a vector column using a transformer like VectorAssembler. This is a critical step in preparing the data for modeling as Spark ML models require input features to be combined into a single vector column.
Reference
Spark MLlib documentation for LinearRegression: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/ml-classification-regression.html#linear-regression

NO.48 The implementation of linear regression in Spark ML first attempts to solve the linear regression problem using matrix decomposition, but this method does not scale well to large datasets with a large number of variables.
Which of the following approaches does Spark ML use to distribute the training of a linear regression model for large data?

Logistic regression

Singular value decomposition

Iterative optimization

Least-squares method

For large datasets, Spark ML uses iterative optimization methods to distribute the training of a linear regression model. Specifically, Spark MLlib employs techniques like Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) optimization to iteratively update the model parameters. These methods are well-suited for distributed computing environments because they can handle large-scale data efficiently by processing mini-batches of data and updating the model incrementally.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on linear regression: Linear Regression in Spark ML

NO.49 A machine learning engineer is trying to scale a machine learning pipeline by distributing its feature engineering process.
Which of the following feature engineering tasks will be the least efficient to distribute?

One-hot encoding categorical features

Target encoding categorical features

Imputing missing feature values with the mean

Imputing missing feature values with the true median

Creating binary indicator features for missing values

Among the options listed, calculating the true median for imputing missing feature values is the least efficient to distribute. This is because the true median requires knowledge of the entire data distribution, which can be computationally expensive in a distributed environment. Unlike mean or mode, finding the median requires sorting the data or maintaining a full distribution, which is more intensive and often requires shuffling the data across partitions.
Reference
Challenges in parallel processing and distributed computing for data aggregation like median calculation: https://www.apache.org

NO.50 In which of the following situations is it preferable to impute missing feature values with their median value over the mean value?

When the features are of the categorical type

When the features are of the boolean type

When the features contain a lot of extreme outliers

When the features contain no outliers

When the features contain no missing no values

Imputing missing values with the median is often preferred over the mean in scenarios where the data contains a lot of extreme outliers. The median is a more robust measure of central tendency in such cases, as it is not as heavily influenced by outliers as the mean. Using the median ensures that the imputed values are more representative of the typical data point, thus preserving the integrity of the dataset’s distribution. The other options are not specifically relevant to the question of handling outliers in numerical data.
Reference:
Data Imputation Techniques (Dealing with Outliers).

NO.51 A data scientist is using Spark ML to engineer features for an exploratory machine learning project.
They decide they want to standardize their features using the following code block:

Upon code review, a colleague expressed concern with the features being standardized prior to splitting the data into a training set and a test set.
Which of the following changes can the data scientist make to address the concern?

Utilize the MinMaxScaler object to standardize the training data according to global minimum and maximum values

Utilize the MinMaxScaler object to standardize the test data according to global minimum and maximum values

Utilize a cross-validation process rather than a train-test split process to remove the need for standardizing data

Utilize the Pipeline API to standardize the training data according to the test data’s summary statistics

Utilize the Pipeline API to standardize the test data according to the training data’s summary statistics

To address the concern about standardizing features prior to splitting the data, the correct approach is to use the Pipeline API to ensure that only the training data’s summary statistics are used to standardize the test data. This is achieved by fitting the StandardScaler (or any scaler) on the training data and then transforming both the training and test data using the fitted scaler. This approach prevents information leakage from the test data into the model training process and ensures that the model is evaluated fairly.
Reference:
Best Practices in Preprocessing in Spark ML (Handling Data Splits and Feature Standardization).

NO.52 A machine learning engineer has created a Feature Table new_table using Feature Store Client fs. When creating the table, they specified a metadata description with key information about the Feature Table. They now want to retrieve that metadata programmatically.
Which of the following lines of code will return the metadata description?

There is no way to return the metadata description programmatically.

fs.create_training_set(“new_table”)

fs.get_table(“new_table”).description

fs.get_table(“new_table”).load_df()

fs.get_table(“new_table”)

To retrieve the metadata description of a feature table created using the Feature Store Client (referred here as fs), the correct method involves calling get_table on the fs client with the table name as an argument, followed by accessing the description attribute of the returned object. The code snippet fs.get_table(“new_table”).description correctly achieves this by fetching the table object for “new_table” and then accessing its description attribute, where the metadata is stored. The other options do not correctly focus on retrieving the metadata description.
Reference:
Databricks Feature Store documentation (Accessing Feature Table Metadata).

NO.53 A data scientist has developed a random forest regressor rfr and included it as the final stage in a Spark MLPipeline pipeline. They then set up a cross-validation process with pipeline as the estimator in the following code block:

Which of the following is a negative consequence of including pipeline as the estimator in the cross-validation process rather than rfr as the estimator?

The process will have a longer runtime because all stages of pipeline need to be refit or retransformed with each mode

The process will leak data from the training set to the test set during the evaluation phase

The process will be unable to parallelize tuning due to the distributed nature of pipeline

The process will leak data prep information from the validation sets to the training sets for each model

Including the entire pipeline as the estimator in the cross-validation process means that all stages of the pipeline, including data preprocessing steps like string indexing and vector assembling, will be refit or retransformed for each fold of the cross-validation. This results in a longer runtime because each fold requires re-execution of these preprocessing steps, which can be computationally expensive.
If only the random forest regressor (rfr) were included as the estimator, the preprocessing steps would be performed once, and only the model fitting would be repeated for each fold, significantly reducing the computational overhead.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on cross-validation: Cross Validation

NO.54 Which of the Spark operations can be used to randomly split a Spark DataFrame into a training DataFrame and a test DataFrame for downstream use?

TrainValidationSplit

DataFrame.where

CrossValidator

TrainValidationSplitModel

DataFrame.randomSplit

The correct method to randomly split a Spark DataFrame into training and test sets is by using the randomSplit method. This method allows you to specify the proportions for the split as a list of weights and returns multiple DataFrames according to those weights. This is directly intended for splitting DataFrames randomly and is the appropriate choice for preparing data for training and testing in machine learning workflows.
Reference:
Apache Spark DataFrame API documentation (DataFrame Operations: randomSplit).

NO.55 A data scientist wants to use Spark ML to one-hot encode the categorical features in their PySpark DataFrame features_df. A list of the names of the string columns is assigned to the input_columns variable.
They have developed this code block to accomplish this task:

The code block is returning an error.
Which of the following adjustments does the data scientist need to make to accomplish this task?

They need to specify the method parameter to the OneHotEncoder.

They need to remove the line with the fit operation.

They need to use Stringlndexer prior to one-hot encodinq the features.

They need to use VectorAssembler prior to one-hot encoding the features.

The OneHotEncoder in Spark ML requires numerical indices as inputs rather than string labels. Therefore, you need to first convert the string columns to numerical indices using StringIndexer. After that, you can apply OneHotEncoder to these indices.
Corrected code:
from pyspark.ml.feature import StringIndexer, OneHotEncoder # Convert string column to index indexers = [StringIndexer(inputCol=col, outputCol=col+”_index”) for col in input_columns] indexer_model = Pipeline(stages=indexers).fit(features_df) indexed_features_df = indexer_model.transform(features_df) # One-hot encode the indexed columns ohe = OneHotEncoder(inputCols=[col+”_index” for col in input_columns], outputCols=output_columns) ohe_model = ohe.fit(indexed_features_df) ohe_features_df = ohe_model.transform(indexed_features_df) Reference:
PySpark ML Documentation

NO.56 A data scientist is developing a machine learning pipeline using AutoML on Databricks Machine Learning.
Which of the following steps will the data scientist need to perform outside of their AutoML experiment?

Model tuning

Model evaluation

Model deployment

Exploratory data analysis

AutoML platforms, such as the one available in Databricks Machine Learning, streamline various stages of the machine learning pipeline including feature engineering, model selection, hyperparameter tuning, and model evaluation. However, exploratory data analysis (EDA) is typically performed outside the AutoML process. EDA involves understanding the dataset, visualizing distributions, identifying anomalies, and gaining insights into data before feeding it into a machine learning pipeline. This step is crucial for ensuring that the data is clean and suitable for model training but is generally done manually by the data scientist.
Reference
Databricks documentation on AutoML: https://docs.databricks.com/applications/machine-learning/automl.html

NO.57 A data scientist wants to efficiently tune the hyperparameters of a scikit-learn model. They elect to use the Hyperopt library’s fmin operation to facilitate this process. Unfortunately, the final model is not very accurate. The data scientist suspects that there is an issue with the objective_function being passed as an argument to fmin.
They use the following code block to create the objective_function:

Which of the following changes does the data scientist need to make to their objective_function in order to produce a more accurate model?

Add test set validation process

Add a random_state argument to the RandomForestRegressor operation

Remove the mean operation that is wrapping the cross_val_score operation

Replace the r2 return value with -r2

Replace the fmin operation with the fmax operation

When using the Hyperopt library with fmin, the goal is to find the minimum of the objective function. Since you are using cross_val_score to calculate the R2 score which is a measure of the proportion of the variance for a dependent variable that’s explained by an independent variable(s) in a regression model, higher values are better. However, fmin seeks to minimize the objective function, so to align with fmin’s goal, you should return the negative of the R2 score (-r2). This way, by minimizing the negative R2, fmin is effectively maximizing the R2 score, which can lead to a more accurate model.
Reference
Hyperopt Documentation: http://hyperopt.github.io/hyperopt/
Scikit-Learn documentation on model evaluation: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/model_evaluation.html

NO.58 Which of the following machine learning algorithms typically uses bagging?

IGradient boosted trees

K-means

Random forest

Decision tree

Random Forest is a machine learning algorithm that typically uses bagging (Bootstrap Aggregating). Bagging is a technique that involves training multiple base models (such as decision trees) on different subsets of the data and then combining their predictions to improve overall model performance. Each subset is created by randomly sampling with replacement from the original dataset. The Random Forest algorithm builds multiple decision trees and merges them to get a more accurate and stable prediction.
Reference:
Databricks documentation on Random Forest: Random Forest in Spark ML

NO.59 A data scientist has a Spark DataFrame spark_df. They want to create a new Spark DataFrame that contains only the rows from spark_df where the value in column price is greater than 0.
Which of the following code blocks will accomplish this task?

spark_df[spark_df[“price”] > 0]

spark_df.filter(col(“price”) > 0)

SELECT * FROM spark_df WHERE price > 0

spark_df.loc[spark_df[“price”] > 0,:]

spark_df.loc[:,spark_df[“price”] > 0]

To filter rows in a Spark DataFrame based on a condition, you use the filter method along with a column condition. The correct syntax in PySpark to accomplish this task is spark_df.filter(col(“price”) > 0), which filters the DataFrame to include only those rows where the value in the “price” column is greater than 0. The col function is used to specify column-based operations. The other options provided either do not use correct Spark DataFrame syntax or are intended for different types of data manipulation frameworks like pandas.
Reference:
PySpark DataFrame API documentation (Filtering DataFrames).

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